The oxygen steel making process is one of the most common and efficient steel production methods. Low wages overseas and the use of the basic oxygen process made foreign steel cheaper than american steel by the 1950s, just as the steel industry took a hit from a cheaper alloy for home goods. It is especially useful for calculating the amount of oxygen andor coolant that must be added to the basic oxygen furnace during a reblow in order to obtain a predetermined carbon and temperature level in the bath prior to. Primary steelmaking known as linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking 28. The oxygen initiates a series of intensively exothermic heatreleasing reactions, including the oxidation of such impurities as carbon, silicon, phosphorus, and. Basic oxygen furnace based steelmaking processes and cleanliness control at baosteel l. The resulting aluminium yield alloy concentration in the steel as a. Basic oxygen steelmaking bos is a method of creating steel that utilizes the blowing of pure oxygen to convert liquid iron and scrap into steel basic oxygen steelmaking. Along with the liquid iron that was produced in the blast furnace, recycled scrap steel is also added to the oxygen furnace. Bos basic oxygen furnace and the more modern eaf electric arc furnace methods. Steel is made by the bessemer, siemens open hearth, basic oxygen furnace, electric arc, electric highfrequency and crucible processes.
Background of the invention this invention relates to a calculator device for use in the refining of steel by the basic oxygen process. Chemical content identification factors and composition standards p. The oxygen does not make it hotter by burning off the impurities, it is caused by an exothermic reaction between the carbon and the oxygen when it forms carbon dioxide. Basic oxygen furnace bof steel making or basic oxygen furnace steelmaking bos or linzdonawitzverfahren steelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method in which both molten pig iron and steel scrap are converted into steel with the oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag. Basic oxygen furnace an overview sciencedirect topics. Basic oxygen furnace process iron and steelmaking ii. Technology roadmap research program steel industry. This process uses as its principal raw material molten pig iron from a blast furnace. Basic oxygen furnace route steelmaking costs 2020 conversion costs for bof steelmaking. The basic oxygen furnace bof is a refractorylined, tiltable converter into which a vertically movable, watercooled lance is inserted to blow oxygen through nozzles at. The results contained in this report, compares carbon deoxidation with the original 60 kg aluminium primary deoxidation practice. How steel is made using the basic oxygen steelmaking process.
The oxygen steelmaking process is one of the most common and efficient steel production methods. Basic oxygen furnace steel 160 ton from the vessel bof into the casting ladle. Ld process is a refining process which is carried out in a ld vesselor ld converterbof. Basic oxygen furnace bof is a steel making furnace, in which molten pig iron and steel scrap convert into steel due to oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag. Trp technologies and results are in widespread use in the steel. Basic oxygen furnace based steelmaking processes and. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into steel. Fig 1 materials needed for the production of steel in basic oxygen furnace. Blowing oxygen through molten pig iron lowers the carbon content of the alloy and changes it into lowcarbon steel.
A novel process control model for basic oxygen furnace bof steelmaking is proposed based on metallurgy mechanism, with lower contents of carbon. If the oxygen available for this reaction is not removed deoxidized prior to casting, the gaseous products continue to evolve during. At high temperatures, oxygen is blown through the metal, which reduces the carbon content to between 01. The bos process uses pure oxygen, injected by a lance, for refining the relatively impure hot metal and scrap is used for temperature control. The ldconverter is named after the austrian placenames linz and donawitz a district of leoben. Oxygen is a popular gas used in steelmaking, in part due to the continued use of the basic oxygen furnace. Basic oxygen steel making process bluescope steel the blast furnace produces gases are captured and cleaned for use elsewhere in the port kembla steelworks in heating processes, or to generate energy. Hot metal pretreatment to decrease some of the impurities, and basic oxygen furnace bof process to reach the required composition will be treated in detail. A basic oxygen furnace is a reactor in which oxygen is blown through molten pig iron that is heated to approximately 1,600.
Bof, bos, bottom blowing, combined blowing, converter, heat, ld converter, ld gas, sppreesed combustion, steelmaking, top blowing. Related reactions and technics are also introduced. The gas cleaning process and is recycled as feed for the sinter plant. Innovative uses of hydrogen in steelmaking presentation by jayson ripke, midrex technologies, inc. Killed steel carbon and oxygen react in the steelmaking process to form a gas.
Today, over 75% of the worlds stainless steel is made using the argon oxygen decarburization aod process invented by praxair. Modern steelmaking abhay deo 12met012 metallurgy,giet gunupur 2. Basic oxygen steelmaking bos, bof, linzdonawitzverfahren, ldconverter is a method of steelmaking in which carbonrich molten iron is made into steel. Basic oxygen process bop, a steelmaking method in which pure oxygen is blown into a bath of molten blastfurnace iron and scrap. Available and emerging technologies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from the iron and steel industry prepared by the sector policies and programs division office of air quality planning and standards u. Primary deoxidation of basic oxygen furnace steel by. The predicted total costing shown is not meant to represent an. Ld converter is a welded construction of nonageing steel plates 8mm, the height of the vessel varies from 710m. A brief discussion of the process is included in the following paragraphs. The electric arc furnace uses primarily electrical energy to supply heat to melt scrap steel, sponge. The bos method adds recycled scrap steel to the molten iron in a converter. Presentation will help to provide basic principle and brief overview of iron making to steel making process. The basic oxygen furnace bof is a refractorylined, tiltable converter into which a vertically movable, watercooled lance is inserted to blow oxygen through nozzles at supersonic velocity.
The purpose of the basic oxygen steelmaking bos process is to refine the hot metal produced in the blast furnace into raw liquid steel, which may be subsequently refined in the secondary. Oxygen is injected into the eaf to speed up the melting process. Environmental protection agency research triangle park, north carolina 27711 september 2012. Hot iron bof andor scrap metal eaf are the primary metals to make steel in each process. Oxygen has a number of common uses in the industry, depending on the furnace under consideration. Heat treatment quenching, hardening, and other thermal modifications p. Cost effectiveness analysis of hyl and drex dri te chnologies for the iron and steelking industry pa ge 7 steel making process and co 2222 emissionsemissionsemissions steel is primarily made by one of two processes. Steel furnace slag is produced in a bof basic oxygen furnace or an eaf electric arc furnace. It is also known as the linzdonawitz steelmaking process or the oxygen conversion process. More than half the worlds steel is produced in the basic oxygen process bop, which uses pure oxygen to convert a charge of liquid blastfurnace iron and scrap into steel. In both the acid bessemer and basic bessemer or thomas processes molten pig iron is refined by blowing air through it in an eggshaped vessel, known as a converter, of 1525 tonnes capacity.
Dmitri kopeliovich basic oxygen furnace bof is a steel making furnace, in which molten pig iron and steel scrap convert into steel due to oxidizing action of oxygen blown into the melt under a basic slag the basic oxygen process basic oxygen furnace, basic oxygen steelmaking, basic oxygen converter is the most powerful and effective steel making method. Basic oxygen furnace bof the basic oxygen furnace process uses 25 to 35 percent old steel to make new steel. The process is known as basic due to the chemical nature of the refractoriescalcium oxide and magnesium oxidethat line the vessel to withstand the. How steel is made using the basic oxygen steelmaking. Originally most steel was produced by the bessemer and open hearth processes but these have been replaced by the more modern basic oxygen steelmaking bos and electric arc furnace eaf processes. Oxidation is carried out with high purity oxygen gas which is blown in the bof. Oxygen has many important uses within the steel industry, each of them involves the heating and melting of metals. History of basic oxygen steelmaking basic oxygen steelmaking bos is the process of making steel by blowing pure oxygen o2 in a liquid metal. Basic oxygen steelmaking is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is converted into steel.
For example, mgoc is used in basic oxygen steelmaking bos vessels and al 2 o 3 c in the hollow ware for continuous casting of. This course handles the steel making process which is converting the hot metal formed in the ironmaking process into steel. Materials needed for steel production in basic oxygen furnace. The process is known as basic because fluxes of burnt lime or. The port kembla steelworks uses three furnaces that are charged with steel. Chemistry of steelmaking by basic oxygen furnace ispatguru. Thomas4 optical microscopy, total oxygen measurements and slime tests have been conducted to quantify. Pure oxygen is then blasted into the furnace at supersonic speeds via an oxygen lance that is lowered from the top. Pdf thermodynamics of phosphorus and sulphur removal. Steel cost modelling notes the steel costing model the economic model shown above is prepared only to shown how liquid steel cost can be calculated through a simple cost benchmarking type approach.
The ldconverter is named after the austria n placenames linz and donawitz a district of leoben by blowing oxygen through molten pig. Steel making technologies and processes for iron feedstock bof basic oxygen furnace bf blast furnace sr smelting reduction eaf electric arc furnace scrap steel dri direct reduced iron 3 the use of hydrogen in the iron and steel industry. The presentations describes bof steelmaking process, factors affecting lining life and bof gas collection and cleaning. Basic oxygen steelmaking bos, bop, bof, or osm, also known as linzdonawitzsteelmaking or the oxygen converter process is a method of primary steelmaking in which carbonrich molten pig iron is made into steel. This process is also called as basic oxygen process. Lime is the fluxing agent and the heat is provided by the use of oxygen and the. Content introduction types of steel classification of carbon steel process of steelmaking basic oxygen furnace dri based steel making bessemer process open hearth furnace production of steel modern steelmaking process. As the basic oxygen furnace shell is exposed to severe hightemperature conditions during use, its material experiences gradual degradation leading to thermal deformation and cracking that. Bos is the most common and dominant primary steelmaking process used in the world today. The basic raw materials needed for making steel in the bof converter include i hot metal from the blast furnace, ii steel scrap andor. Basic oxygen process the oxygen process method of making steel was a sharp departure from the relatively slow cooking of the old way. The process is an improvement over the historically important bessemer process.
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